Design of a bi-directional charging station for electric vehicles as part of a smart grid

Electric vehicles are an important step in the electrification of transport to reduce pollution and dependence on polluting energy. There are several barriers to the use of electric vehicles, including the cost associated with manufacturing, range and battery charging time. It is therefore necessary to overcome these obstacles in order to establish electric vehicles as a candidate to replace traditional vehicles. The aim of this project is to develop a system for fast charging of electric vehicle batteries that complies with current fast charging standards and minimises the effect of this charging on the life cycle and characteristics of these batteries. It should be noted that the control of this charger will be adaptive, so as to allow a slow charge if the user so desires, while maintaining satisfactory performance over a wide range of charging powers. In addition, the system will be bi-directional. It will therefore allow the batteries to inject energy into the grid for the purpose of providing various services, such as voltage and frequency regulation, contribution to the grid supply during peak hours, and storage of energy from renewable sources. The charging stations including the designed system will be modelled in order to study their impact on the quality of power supplied by a smart grid, in the case of a massive integration of electric vehicles. Keywords: Electric vehicles, DC/DC converter, AC/DC converter, real-time simulation, adaptive control, Smart Grid, power quality, fast charging, CHAdeMO standard, P2030 standard

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